4 Main Groups of Disease-Causing Organisms (Pathogens)


1️⃣ Bacteria

Divided into:


✓Gram-Positive

✓Gram-Negative



Gram-Positive → Purple/Blue

Gram-Negative → Pink/Red



2️⃣ Viruses


Classification by Genetic Material:

DNA Viruses → e.g., Herpesvirus, Hepatitis B

RNA Viruses → e.g., HIV, Influenza, Hepatitis C


Classification by Structure:

Enveloped Viruses → e.g., HIV, Influenza

Non-Enveloped Viruses → e.g., Poliovirus, Adenovirus






3️⃣ Parasites


Divided by Location in the Body:


1 .Protozoa (microscopic, single-celled) → Plasmodium (Malaria), Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica


2. Helminths (worms) → Roundworms, Tapeworms, Schistosomes


3. Ectoparasites (live outside the body) → Lice, Fleas, Ticks, Mites



4️⃣ Fungi


Yeasts (single-celled) → Candida albicans

Molds (multicellular, filamentous) → Aspergillus

Dimorphic fungi (both yeast & mold forms) → Histoplasma

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